Cylinder and piston device.



P. G. TISMER.

CYLINDER AND PISTON DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 14. l9l'4.

Patented July 16, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

05 WITNESSES: .l/Vl/E/VTOR l m n P. e. TISMER.

CYLINDER AND PISTON DEV1CE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 14. 1914.

Patented July 16, 1918.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

E Z ZW ORA/EU g WITNESSES :1. W S} 1 v To all whom it may concern:

PAUL e. menus, on NEW YORK, n. Y.

cxmminn AND rrs'ron nnvrcn.

Application filed September 14, 1914. Serial No. 861,659.

Be it known that I, 'PAUL G. TISMER, formerly a subject of the German Emperor, and having declared my. intention of becoming a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in- Cylinder and Piston Devices, of which the following is a :full and clear specification.

This invention relates to fluid pressure engines and has for its object to provide an improved piston and cylinder construction. It has for its further object a construction permitting the utilization of various low grade fuels including many that have heretofore been regarded as useless for fuel in internal combustion engines. Toward the attainment of these several objects, the present invention contemplates the operation'of SllOll engines under considerably higher temperatures than have heretofore been considered feasible in engines of this character. The usual water jacket or. like device for reducing' the temperature in the cylinder is here absent, but a body of cold air may be caused to pass through the cylinder during each exhaust stroke. .I-have ascertainedthat fluid pressure engines such for example as internal combustion engines, can be operated at comparatively high temperatures within the cylinders thereof by maintaining a relatively heavy film of lubricant on the contacting o r journaling surfaces of the cyl-. inder and piston, and to, thls end I provide a piston and cylinder construction which will permit such heavyfilm to exist To maintain the necessary oil film I have of the same diameter as the cylinder, so that a substantially gas-tight compressicn and explosion ehamber is formed by the aid of the heavydil: film. I provide a single shell cylinder having its interior bearing'surface formed Wit an unbroken contour and a I single shell hollow piston having an exterior bearing surface of substantially unbroken contour which throughout substantially its entire length is in direct sliding contact with the bearing surface of said cylinder. There are thus provided two j ournaling surfaces of unbroken contour incontact with each v other which are adapted to be etficiently packed by the relatively heavy film of oil therebetween. Such a construction is favorable to the maintenance of the oil film, inasmuch as the: smooth surfaced piston is adapted by its relatively broad journaling surface to ride over the heavyoil film without scraping the same from the inner bearing surface of. the cylinder. According to the usual practice at the present-time cooling-means such as water jackets, or radiating ribs, etc., are employed for the cylinders ofinternal combustion engines in order to prevent the destruction of this oil film, as

- Well as to prevent the distortion of the piston and cylinder under the varying temperatures used and on account of the non-uniformity of the distribution of metal in said piston and cylinder. In this connection, it

is also customary to construct the piston of.

relatively smallv diameter as compared to the cylinder, so as to avoid seizing and stresses due to distortion under varying temperatures. ,It thus became necessarygto use a makeshift in the form of piston rings,

to maintain an approximately tight joint between piston and cylinder; a construction, however, which because of the scraping action of the projecting edges of the rings is absolutely destructive of the existence of a heavy oil film between pistonand cylinder. My cylinder and piston constructions cooperate with each other, in obviating an accumulative expansion across the heads of cylinder and piston, making it possible to increase the diameter of the ringless piston 'sufiiciently to be sealed by the protective oil film without danger of binding within the.

cylinder under the varying temperatures.

'- Furthermore, by," providing the piston as Well as thecylinder with a substantially uniform distribution of metal throughout, a

constructiomwhi ch is rendered possible by the elimination ofwater jacket and piston rings together with other features to be hereinafter pointed out, the piston and cylinder can be made very close to the same diameter since their expansion is now unaccompanied by, distortion in either and by reason of the amount. of expansion being substantially the same in each. Troubles arise, wherever the metal is unevenly distributed in castings, due to the stresses which are set upin cooling the mold when the casting embodies ribs, or other project ing portions, or where holes and pockets cause a varying thickness of metal. Under these conditions, it frequently happens that any additional strains to which a casting may be subjected, cause a rupture. Another feature of importance is that asubstantially uniform thickness of metal permits a rapid change of temperature without injury to itself such as arises when starting engine from cold. In an internal combustion engine, such additional strains are twofold, namely: a bending strain created by sleeve valve concentric to the cylinder,

which is far superior to the now existing valves. In order to adapt the piston to co operate with the cylinder to the best advantage, it is made to comprise an outer 'shell which slides over the oil film without scraping it from the cylinder. wall and without the clearance which is usually found in other engines to permit an expansion, which is not uniform elsewhere; and an inner part or core which supports the wrist pinand which is very light and of a skeleton-like formation, connected by screw threads with the outer shell. For this purpose, the forwardly presented wall of the piston is preferably made deeply concave and extends inwardly from the cylindrical wall of the piston to support an anchorage for the connecting rod or pitman, said anchorage being suitably disposed to prevent the effects due to transverse expansion therein, being transmitted to'the piston shell which otherwise would cause distortion in the piston, leading to binding against the wall of the cyla inder.

, In the accompanying drawings,Figi1re 1 is a vertical section of one embodiment of my invention, parts being shown in elevation and partsbroken away; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of another embodiment of my invention showing its adaptation to a double action engine capable of utilizing steam or other fluid pressure including that derived under internal combustion.

to the cylinder head and its inner surface ground to give true sliding contact with the outer shell of a concentric valve. The head 4 of shell 2 is annular in form. The cylinder head has the flat portion 5 connected by an inclined wall with the cylindrical portion 6, a construction permitting expansion of the cylinder head without distortion of the cylinder, the distortion being absorbed by the inclined wall of the head. The cylinder trally disposed web 33 provided withv {branches 34: and 35, respectively, threaded into the opposite ends of the shell 32. The web 33, with its forwardly extending branch 35 forms a forwardly presented concave wall on the piston, whereas the branch 34 of said web constitutes suitable means for mounting the wrist pin or anchorage 36 for the pitman 31.

A connecting rod or pitman 31 transmits power from the piston to the crank shaft 30.

Engines in general have comparatively small port-openings. In steam engine practice a 10% opening is considered satisfactory, in internal combustion engines it is but very little larger.

On the other hand, in my engine I not only use ports which are distributed circumferentially around the cylinder, but I employ a 40% opening as well, with the result that the entering gases do not hit the piston at an angle causing it to slap, involving a great deal of wear, especially in large engines. These ports have alternate functions of inlet and exhaust.

In Fig. 2 my invention is illustrated as embodied in a double action engine, which may be operated by steam or if the necessary fuel supply and igniting means are installed in each end, and suitable valve actuating means provided calling for a division of the sleeve valve into two se arate halves, this engine can be operated y gas or oil. In the embodiment shown, the cylinder 86 is provided with heads 87 of substantially similar construction to the head shown in Fig. 1,

with this exception, that said cylinder be ing mounted horizontally the weight is suspended between said. heads. For this purpose, one of the-heads 87 is rigidly supported from the bedframe 88 of the engine and in turn supports the outer cylinder 89, which forms an annular valve chamber 90. within which reciprocates a sleeve valve 91.

A pipe 92, with branches 93 opens into the chamber 90 adjacent the oppositev ends thereof. Another pipe 94 discharges into said chamber approximately." at the -mid length thereof; It will be noted from Fig. 2 that eachend of the valve 91 is provlded' in the-cylinder 86 is a piston 98 of substantially similar construction to that described in the former embodiment, except that .it is shaped for double-acting service. A. piston rod 99 connects said piston to the .cross head 100, which cross. head reciprocates within a cylindrical guide 101, the specific construc tion of the cross head and guide being substantially similar to that o the piston and cylinder, so that the stresses developed by reason of the angularity of the connecting rod are, distributed over a. broad bearing I surface while at'the same time such a construction is better adapted than commonly used devices, for permitting the maintenance of a relatively heavy film. of oil on the bearing surface. A connecting rod 102 joins the cross head to the crank in1,03.-, w

Secured-to the left cylinder head 87 is an end plate carriedby a pin 111, which is slidably mounted in the pedestal 112. This construction permits an endwise adjustment under theexpansion due to'change in temperature of the engine when working. It will be obvious from Fig. 2, that steam or fuel mixture of any pressure-developing medium can be introduced through eitherone of the pipes 92 and 94 in which cases theother;v of said pipes will act as the exhaust. For reciprocating the, valve 96 a valve rod 113 is connected by a linkll l with one arm 7 of a bent lever 115, theaother arm of bent lever 115 being connected by a rod 116 to the eccentric strap 117 running on an eccen- 'tric disk 118, keyed to the shaft 119.

It will be evident that this engine com- 1 prises as a fundamental structure three con centric shell-like members, the. piston, the 1 cylinder and the sleeve valve, without profor example, etc.

jections or enlargements and with practical elimination vof dead spaces.

.The structure as here showncan be used inother displacement devices such as pumps,

' -I- claim v contractionlfor the purpose of maintaining pressure to one side of a movable. member within a container; the combination of a. contamer, and a movable member having a wall of substantially uniform thiclmess and smooth unyielding surface throughout providing uniformity of expansion of its 'jour-' naling surface to keep in close proximity substantially throughout its length to the bearing surface of the container, thereby maintaining a substantial oil film between the rubbing surfaces to form a seal.

2. In "devices subject to expansion and contraction for the purpose of maintaining pressure to One side of a movable member within, a container; the combination of a container and a movable member having a wall of substantially-uniform thickness and 'smooth surface providing uniformity of expansion of its journaling surface to keep .in close proximity substantially through out its length to the bearing surface of the container, thereby .maintalning asub-- stantial oil film between the rubbing surfaces to form a seal; and amovable seal, or

webadjacent to the outer journaling shell at an angle remote from a right angle to avoid distortion of said journaling surface.

3. In devices subject to expansion and contraction for the purpose of maintaining pressure to one side of a movable member within a container; the combination .of a

container and a movable member having a wall'of substantially uniform thickness and smooth surface providing uniformity of expansion of the journaling surface to keep in close proximity substantially throughout its length the bearing surface of a container, thereby maintai'ning a substantial oil film between the rubbing surfaces to form a seal; and a movable seal or web adjacent to the outer journaling shell at an angle remote from a right angle to avoid distortion of said journaling surface, and said movable seal or web forming a deep cone, or the reverse.

4. In devices subject to expansion and contraction for the purpose of maintaining pressure to one side of a movable member within a container;.the combination of a container and a movable member having a wall of substantially uniform thickness and smooth unyielding surface throughout providing uniformity of expansion of its jourvv naling surface, to keep in close proximity substantially throughout its length to the bearin' surface of the container, thereby new are

contraction vfor the purpose of maintaining pressure to one side of a movable member within a container; the combination of a container and a movable member having a 'wall of substantiallyuniform thickness and smooth unyielding surface throughout providlng uniformity of expansion of its journaling surface, to keep in close proximity substantially throughout its length to the bearing surface of-the container, thereby maintaining a substantial oil film between the rubbing surfaces to form a seal and in which the journaling surface is of substanmote from the outer or journaling shell for 6. In a, device of the character described, torting said shell.

- PAUL G. TISMER. 5 hing surface of unbroken contour and a web Witnesses;

forming an acute angle with said shell, said HARRY E. KNIGHT,

tially unbroken contour. a pitman 'which is expansible without disa piston comprising a shell having its rubweb belng provided with an anchorage re- LOUELLA F. LITTLE: 

